| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mmc: mxcmmc: fix return value check of mmc_add_host()
mmc_add_host() may return error, if we ignore its return value, the memory
that allocated in mmc_alloc_host() will be leaked and it will lead a kernel
crash because of deleting not added device in the remove path.
So fix this by checking the return value and goto error path which will call
mmc_free_host(). |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mm/memfd: fix information leak in hugetlb folios
When allocating hugetlb folios for memfd, three initialization steps are
missing:
1. Folios are not zeroed, leading to kernel memory disclosure to userspace
2. Folios are not marked uptodate before adding to page cache
3. hugetlb_fault_mutex is not taken before hugetlb_add_to_page_cache()
The memfd allocation path bypasses the normal page fault handler
(hugetlb_no_page) which would handle all of these initialization steps.
This is problematic especially for udmabuf use cases where folios are
pinned and directly accessed by userspace via DMA.
Fix by matching the initialization pattern used in hugetlb_no_page():
- Zero the folio using folio_zero_user() which is optimized for huge pages
- Mark it uptodate with folio_mark_uptodate()
- Take hugetlb_fault_mutex before adding to page cache to prevent races
The folio_zero_user() change also fixes a potential security issue where
uninitialized kernel memory could be disclosed to userspace through read()
or mmap() operations on the memfd. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
serial: sc16is7xx: setup GPIO controller later in probe
The GPIO controller component of the sc16is7xx driver is setup too
early, which can result in a race condition where another device tries
to utilise the GPIO lines before the sc16is7xx device has finished
initialising.
This issue manifests itself as an Oops when the GPIO lines are configured:
Unable to handle kernel read from unreadable memory at virtual address
...
pc : sc16is7xx_gpio_direction_output+0x68/0x108 [sc16is7xx]
lr : sc16is7xx_gpio_direction_output+0x4c/0x108 [sc16is7xx]
...
Call trace:
sc16is7xx_gpio_direction_output+0x68/0x108 [sc16is7xx]
gpiod_direction_output_raw_commit+0x64/0x318
gpiod_direction_output+0xb0/0x170
create_gpio_led+0xec/0x198
gpio_led_probe+0x16c/0x4f0
platform_drv_probe+0x5c/0xb0
really_probe+0xe8/0x448
driver_probe_device+0xe8/0x138
__device_attach_driver+0x94/0x118
bus_for_each_drv+0x8c/0xe0
__device_attach+0x100/0x1b8
device_initial_probe+0x28/0x38
bus_probe_device+0xa4/0xb0
deferred_probe_work_func+0x90/0xe0
process_one_work+0x1c4/0x480
worker_thread+0x54/0x430
kthread+0x138/0x150
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x1c
This patch moves the setup of the GPIO controller functions to later in the
probe function, ensuring the sc16is7xx device has already finished
initialising by the time other devices try to make use of the GPIO lines.
The error handling has also been reordered to reflect the new
initialisation order. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
inotify: Avoid reporting event with invalid wd
When inotify_freeing_mark() races with inotify_handle_inode_event() it
can happen that inotify_handle_inode_event() sees that i_mark->wd got
already reset to -1 and reports this value to userspace which can
confuse the inotify listener. Avoid the problem by validating that wd is
sensible (and pretend the mark got removed before the event got
generated otherwise). |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
comedi: c6xdigio: Fix invalid PNP driver unregistration
The Comedi low-level driver "c6xdigio" seems to be for a parallel port
connected device. When the Comedi core calls the driver's Comedi
"attach" handler `c6xdigio_attach()` to configure a Comedi to use this
driver, it tries to enable the parallel port PNP resources by
registering a PNP driver with `pnp_register_driver()`, but ignores the
return value. (The `struct pnp_driver` it uses has only the `name` and
`id_table` members filled in.) The driver's Comedi "detach" handler
`c6xdigio_detach()` unconditionally unregisters the PNP driver with
`pnp_unregister_driver()`.
It is possible for `c6xdigio_attach()` to return an error before it
calls `pnp_register_driver()` and it is possible for the call to
`pnp_register_driver()` to return an error (that is ignored). In both
cases, the driver should not be calling `pnp_unregister_driver()` as it
does in `c6xdigio_detach()`. (Note that `c6xdigio_detach()` will be
called by the Comedi core if `c6xdigio_attach()` returns an error, or if
the Comedi core decides to detach the Comedi device from the driver for
some other reason.)
The unconditional call to `pnp_unregister_driver()` without a previous
successful call to `pnp_register_driver()` will cause
`driver_unregister()` to issue a warning "Unexpected driver
unregister!". This was detected by Syzbot [1].
Also, the PNP driver registration and unregistration should be done at
module init and exit time, respectively, not when attaching or detaching
Comedi devices to the driver. (There might be more than one Comedi
device being attached to the driver, although that is unlikely.)
Change the driver to do the PNP driver registration at module init time,
and the unregistration at module exit time. Since `c6xdigio_detach()`
now only calls `comedi_legacy_detach()`, remove the function and change
the Comedi driver "detach" handler to `comedi_legacy_detach`.
-------------------------------------------
[1] Syzbot sample crash report:
Unexpected driver unregister!
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5970 at drivers/base/driver.c:273 driver_unregister drivers/base/driver.c:273 [inline]
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5970 at drivers/base/driver.c:273 driver_unregister+0x90/0xb0 drivers/base/driver.c:270
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5970 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025
RIP: 0010:driver_unregister drivers/base/driver.c:273 [inline]
RIP: 0010:driver_unregister+0x90/0xb0 drivers/base/driver.c:270
Code: 48 89 ef e8 c2 e6 82 fc 48 89 df e8 3a 93 ff ff 5b 5d e9 c3 6d d9 fb e8 be 6d d9 fb 90 48 c7 c7 e0 f8 1f 8c e8 51 a2 97 fb 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 5b 5d e9 a5 6d d9 fb e8 e0 f4 41 fc eb 94 e8 d9 f4 41
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000373f9a0 EFLAGS: 00010282
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff8ff24720 RCX: ffffffff817b6ee8
RDX: ffff88807c932480 RSI: ffffffff817b6ef5 RDI: 0000000000000001
RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffffffff8ff24660
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff88814cca0000
FS: 000055556dab1500(0000) GS:ffff8881249d9000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055f77f285cd0 CR3: 000000007d871000 CR4: 00000000003526f0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
comedi_device_detach_locked+0x12f/0xa50 drivers/comedi/drivers.c:207
comedi_device_detach+0x67/0xb0 drivers/comedi/drivers.c:215
comedi_device_attach+0x43d/0x900 drivers/comedi/drivers.c:1011
do_devconfig_ioctl+0x1b1/0x710 drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c:872
comedi_unlocked_ioctl+0x165d/0x2f00 drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c:2178
vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:597 [inline]
__se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:583 [inline]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x18e/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:583
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
do_sys
---truncated--- |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: brcmfmac: cfg80211: Pass the PMK in binary instead of hex
Apparently the hex passphrase mechanism does not work on newer
chips/firmware (e.g. BCM4387). It seems there was a simple way of
passing it in binary all along, so use that and avoid the hexification.
OpenBSD has been doing it like this from the beginning, so this should
work on all chips.
Also clear the structure before setting the PMK. This was leaking
uninitialized stack contents to the device. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mount: handle NULL values in mnt_ns_release()
When calling in listmount() mnt_ns_release() may be passed a NULL
pointer. Handle that case gracefully. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mptcp: Initialise rcv_mss before calling tcp_send_active_reset() in mptcp_do_fastclose().
syzbot reported divide-by-zero in __tcp_select_window() by
MPTCP socket. [0]
We had a similar issue for the bare TCP and fixed in commit
499350a5a6e7 ("tcp: initialize rcv_mss to TCP_MIN_MSS instead
of 0").
Let's apply the same fix to mptcp_do_fastclose().
[0]:
Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6068 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
RIP: 0010:__tcp_select_window+0x824/0x1320 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3336
Code: ff ff ff 44 89 f1 d3 e0 89 c1 f7 d1 41 01 cc 41 21 c4 e9 a9 00 00 00 e8 ca 49 01 f8 e9 9c 00 00 00 e8 c0 49 01 f8 44 89 e0 99 <f7> 7c 24 1c 41 29 d4 48 bb 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df e9 80 00 00 00
RSP: 0018:ffffc90003017640 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffff88807b469e40
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc90003017730 R08: ffff888033268143 R09: 1ffff1100664d028
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100664d029 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS: 000055557faa0500(0000) GS:ffff888126135000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007f64a1912ff8 CR3: 0000000072122000 CR4: 00000000003526f0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
tcp_select_window net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:281 [inline]
__tcp_transmit_skb+0xbc7/0x3aa0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1568
tcp_transmit_skb net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1649 [inline]
tcp_send_active_reset+0x2d1/0x5b0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3836
mptcp_do_fastclose+0x27e/0x380 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2793
mptcp_disconnect+0x238/0x710 net/mptcp/protocol.c:3253
mptcp_sendmsg_fastopen+0x2f8/0x580 net/mptcp/protocol.c:1776
mptcp_sendmsg+0x1774/0x1980 net/mptcp/protocol.c:1855
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg+0xe5/0x270 net/socket.c:742
__sys_sendto+0x3bd/0x520 net/socket.c:2244
__do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2251 [inline]
__se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2247 [inline]
__x64_sys_sendto+0xde/0x100 net/socket.c:2247
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f66e998f749
Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffff9acedb8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002c
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f66e9be5fa0 RCX: 00007f66e998f749
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00007ffff9acee10 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001
R13: 00007f66e9be5fa0 R14: 00007f66e9be5fa0 R15: 0000000000000006
</TASK> |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ASoC: SDCA: bug fix while parsing mipi-sdca-control-cn-list
"struct sdca_control" declares "values" field as integer array.
But the memory allocated to it is of char array. This causes
crash for sdca_parse_function API. This patch addresses the
issue by allocating correct data size. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: iris: fix module removal if firmware download failed
Fix remove if firmware failed to load:
qcom-iris aa00000.video-codec: Direct firmware load for qcom/vpu/vpu33_p4.mbn failed with error -2
qcom-iris aa00000.video-codec: firmware download failed
qcom-iris aa00000.video-codec: core init failed
then:
$ echo aa00000.video-codec > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/qcom-iris/unbind
Triggers:
genpd genpd:1:aa00000.video-codec: Runtime PM usage count underflow!
------------[ cut here ]------------
video_cc_mvs0_clk already disabled
WARNING: drivers/clk/clk.c:1206 at clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac, CPU#1: sh/542
<snip>
pc : clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac
lr : clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac
<snip>
Call trace:
clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac (P)
clk_disable+0x30/0x4c
iris_disable_unprepare_clock+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off_hw+0x48/0x58 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu33_power_off_hardware+0x44/0x230 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off+0x34/0x84 [qcom_iris]
iris_core_deinit+0x44/0xc8 [qcom_iris]
iris_remove+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
platform_remove+0x20/0x30
device_remove+0x4c/0x80
<snip>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
------------[ cut here ]------------
video_cc_mvs0_clk already unprepared
WARNING: drivers/clk/clk.c:1065 at clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110, CPU#2: sh/542
<snip>
pc : clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110
lr : clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110
<snip>
Call trace:
clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110 (P)
clk_unprepare+0x2c/0x44
iris_disable_unprepare_clock+0x28/0x48 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off_hw+0x48/0x58 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu33_power_off_hardware+0x44/0x230 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off+0x34/0x84 [qcom_iris]
iris_core_deinit+0x44/0xc8 [qcom_iris]
iris_remove+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
platform_remove+0x20/0x30
device_remove+0x4c/0x80
<snip>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
genpd genpd:0:aa00000.video-codec: Runtime PM usage count underflow!
------------[ cut here ]------------
gcc_video_axi0_clk already disabled
WARNING: drivers/clk/clk.c:1206 at clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac, CPU#4: sh/542
<snip>
pc : clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac
lr : clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac
<snip>
Call trace:
clk_core_disable+0xa4/0xac (P)
clk_disable+0x30/0x4c
iris_disable_unprepare_clock+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu33_power_off_controller+0x17c/0x428 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off+0x48/0x84 [qcom_iris]
iris_core_deinit+0x44/0xc8 [qcom_iris]
iris_remove+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
platform_remove+0x20/0x30
device_remove+0x4c/0x80
<snip>
------------[ cut here ]------------
gcc_video_axi0_clk already unprepared
WARNING: drivers/clk/clk.c:1065 at clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110, CPU#4: sh/542
<snip>
pc : clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110
lr : clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110
<snip>
Call trace:
clk_core_unprepare+0xf0/0x110 (P)
clk_unprepare+0x2c/0x44
iris_disable_unprepare_clock+0x28/0x48 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu33_power_off_controller+0x17c/0x428 [qcom_iris]
iris_vpu_power_off+0x48/0x84 [qcom_iris]
iris_core_deinit+0x44/0xc8 [qcom_iris]
iris_remove+0x20/0x48 [qcom_iris]
platform_remove+0x20/0x30
device_remove+0x4c/0x80
<snip>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Skip deinit if initialization never succeeded. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
hwrng: ks-sa - fix division by zero in ks_sa_rng_init
Fix division by zero in ks_sa_rng_init caused by missing clock
pointer initialization. The clk_get_rate() call is performed on
an uninitialized clk pointer, resulting in division by zero when
calculating delay values.
Add clock initialization code before using the clock.
drivers/char/hw_random/ks-sa-rng.c | 7 +++++++
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+) |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
blk-mq: fix potential deadlock while nr_requests grown
Allocate and free sched_tags while queue is freezed can deadlock[1],
this is a long term problem, hence allocate memory before freezing
queue and free memory after queue is unfreezed.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/0659ea8d-a463-47c8-9180-43c719e106eb@linux.ibm.com/ |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: qedf: Fix NULL dereference in error handling
Smatch reported:
drivers/scsi/qedf/qedf_main.c:3056 qedf_alloc_global_queues()
warn: missing unwind goto?
At this point in the function, nothing has been allocated so we can return
directly. In particular the "qedf->global_queues" have not been allocated
so calling qedf_free_global_queues() will lead to a NULL dereference when
we check if (!gl[i]) and "gl" is NULL. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: set page extent mapped after read_folio in relocate_one_page
One of the CI runs triggered the following panic
assertion failed: PagePrivate(page) && page->private, in fs/btrfs/subpage.c:229
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/subpage.c:229!
Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP
CPU: 0 PID: 923660 Comm: btrfs Not tainted 6.5.0-rc3+ #1
pstate: 61400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : btrfs_subpage_assert+0xbc/0xf0
lr : btrfs_subpage_assert+0xbc/0xf0
sp : ffff800093213720
x29: ffff800093213720 x28: ffff8000932138b4 x27: 000000000c280000
x26: 00000001b5d00000 x25: 000000000c281000 x24: 000000000c281fff
x23: 0000000000001000 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffffff42b95bf880
x20: ffff42b9528e0000 x19: 0000000000001000 x18: ffffffffffffffff
x17: 667274622f736620 x16: 6e69202c65746176 x15: 0000000000000028
x14: 0000000000000003 x13: 00000000002672d7 x12: 0000000000000000
x11: ffffcd3f0ccd9204 x10: ffffcd3f0554ae50 x9 : ffffcd3f0379528c
x8 : ffff800093213428 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffffcd3f091771e8
x5 : ffff42b97f333948 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffff42b9556cde80 x0 : 000000000000004f
Call trace:
btrfs_subpage_assert+0xbc/0xf0
btrfs_subpage_set_dirty+0x38/0xa0
btrfs_page_set_dirty+0x58/0x88
relocate_one_page+0x204/0x5f0
relocate_file_extent_cluster+0x11c/0x180
relocate_data_extent+0xd0/0xf8
relocate_block_group+0x3d0/0x4e8
btrfs_relocate_block_group+0x2d8/0x490
btrfs_relocate_chunk+0x54/0x1a8
btrfs_balance+0x7f4/0x1150
btrfs_ioctl+0x10f0/0x20b8
__arm64_sys_ioctl+0x120/0x11d8
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x80/0xd8
do_el0_svc+0x6c/0x158
el0_svc+0x50/0x1b0
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130
el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198
Code: 91098021 b0007fa0 91346000 97e9c6d2 (d4210000)
This is the same problem outlined in 17b17fcd6d44 ("btrfs:
set_page_extent_mapped after read_folio in btrfs_cont_expand") , and the
fix is the same. I originally looked for the same pattern elsewhere in
our code, but mistakenly skipped over this code because I saw the page
cache readahead before we set_page_extent_mapped, not realizing that
this was only in the !page case, that we can still end up with a
!uptodate page and then do the btrfs_read_folio further down.
The fix here is the same as the above mentioned patch, move the
set_page_extent_mapped call to after the btrfs_read_folio() block to
make sure that we have the subpage blocksize stuff setup properly before
using the page. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
accel/qaic: Fix bootlog initialization ordering
As soon as we queue MHI buffers to receive the bootlog from the device,
we could be receiving data. Therefore all the resources needed to
process that data need to be setup prior to queuing the buffers.
We currently initialize some of the resources after queuing the buffers
which creates a race between the probe() and any data that comes back
from the device. If the uninitialized resources are accessed, we could
see page faults.
Fix the init ordering to close the race. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ASoC: amd/sdw_utils: avoid NULL deref when devm_kasprintf() fails
devm_kasprintf() may return NULL on memory allocation failure,
but the debug message prints cpus->dai_name before checking it.
Move the dev_dbg() call after the NULL check to prevent potential
NULL pointer dereference. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
firmware: meson_sm: fix to avoid potential NULL pointer dereference
of_match_device() may fail and returns a NULL pointer.
Fix this by checking the return value of of_match_device. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mmc: meson-gx: fix return value check of mmc_add_host()
mmc_add_host() may return error, if we ignore its return value,
it will lead two issues:
1. The memory that allocated in mmc_alloc_host() is leaked.
2. In the remove() path, mmc_remove_host() will be called to
delete device, but it's not added yet, it will lead a kernel
crash because of null-ptr-deref in device_del().
Fix this by checking the return value and goto error path which
will call mmc_free_host(). |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipmi: fix use after free in _ipmi_destroy_user()
The intf_free() function frees the "intf" pointer so we cannot
dereference it again on the next line. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
blk-mq: fix blk_mq_tags double free while nr_requests grown
In the case user trigger tags grow by queue sysfs attribute nr_requests,
hctx->sched_tags will be freed directly and replaced with a new
allocated tags, see blk_mq_tag_update_depth().
The problem is that hctx->sched_tags is from elevator->et->tags, while
et->tags is still the freed tags, hence later elevator exit will try to
free the tags again, causing kernel panic.
Fix this problem by replacing et->tags with new allocated tags as well.
Noted there are still some long term problems that will require some
refactor to be fixed thoroughly[1].
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250815080216.410665-1-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com/ |
